Choosing Life Sciences in High School

Written by: James Messian, Life Sciences Teacher at Abbotts College Centurion

Life Sciences or biological sciences comprise the branches of science that involve the scientific study of life and organisms such as microorganisms, plants, and animals including human beings. 

Life Sciences is one of the two major branches of Natural Science, the other being Physical Science, which is concerned with non-living matter. 

Some life sciences focus on a specific type of organism. For example, Zoology is the study of animals, while Botany is the study of plants. Other life sciences focus on aspects common to all or many life forms, such as anatomy and genetics. Some focus on the micro scale (e.g. molecular biology, biochemistry) and other on larger scales (e.g. cytology, immunology, ethology, ecology). Another major branch of life sciences involves understanding the mind i.e. neuroscience. 

Discoveries made in Life Sciences are helpful in improving the quality and standard of life and can be applied to health, agriculture, medicine as well as the pharmaceutical and food science industries. 

In the Grade 12 syllabus, Abbotts covers a section on genetics and the study of DNA. Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. 

Though heredity had been observed for millennia, Gregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar working in the 19th century, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied “trait inheritance”, patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discreet “units of inheritance”. This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is now referred to as a “gene” and therefore the term “genetics”. 

As complicated as what it sounds, genetics is the section that most teachers are passionate about. There is such a sense of gratification when learners ask questions about why they have certain characteristics from their mom or dad and, once you go through the content with them, the lightbulb switches on. As a teacher, it’s remarkable to witness says James Messian, Life Sciences Teacher at Abbotts College Centurion.

The study of the Life Sciences gives important insight into disease processes and allows the development of novel therapeutic and innovative medical devices, thereby directly improving human health. Life Sciences also enables an understanding of the environment and the other living species with which we share the earth. This knowledge guides conservation efforts and helps us to save our shared planet.

Life Sciences empowers us to answer fundamental questions about ourselves: Where did we come from? What are we made of? What is the basis for the miracle of our existence? What is our place in the natural world, in the tree of life? Life Sciences reveals the truth of our existence and shines a light on our real identities, so that we discover our true reality.

If you take Biology or Life Sciences as one of your subjects, it can open a lot of opportunities. It is a multi-discipline field that requires you, as a student, to learn, apply, evaluate and to do practical work.

While many people view Life Science as one of the hardest, and the most boring subjects, it is really one of the most interesting.

Important ways to help one master this subject are:
  • to listen carefully in class
  • immediately review what has been taught
  • keep reading.
One thing that learners need to remember is that after mastering the subject, there are plenty of career opportunities available to them.

Those who are interested in the field of Biology can either decide to become social or medical researchers or go the industry route. This is vast, and includes tourism, conservation, agriculture, journalism, veterinary science, environmental law, biotechnology, biochemistry and medicine.

Students who choose this subject must prepare themselves for a lot of work.

There is lots to learn, meaning that the workload may seem overwhelming at times, but they need to know how to apply knowledge as well as how to evaluate and understand it. Here’s a handy summary of the different jobs you will find in the Life Sciences sector:

Biomedical Scientist

Biomedical scientists examine medical samples, for example, blood and tissue, thereby helping doctors to diagnose and treat diseases. They use their knowledge and test results to advise and support doctors and other medical staff. Biomedical scientists need in-depth knowledge of areas such as pathology, anatomy and physiology.

Biotechnologist

Biotechnologists combine Biology, the science of living things, with technology. They research and develop the use of Biology to solve problems in areas such as health care, the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, agriculture, food production and environmental protection

Biochemist

Biochemists study the chemistry of life. They investigate life’s processes at the level of molecules, using their knowledge to identify and solve biological problems. They research and develop new products and processes to benefit a wide range of areas, including food processing, pharmaceuticals, healthcare and agriculture.

Computational Biologist

Computational biology involves the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modelling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioural, and social systems. The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in computer science, applied mathematics, animation, statistics, biochemistry, chemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, genetics, genomics, ecology, evolution, anatomy, neuroscience, and visualization

Microbiologist

Microbiologists study the biology and chemistry of microbes. They apply their knowledge to solve problems in areas like agriculture, food production, the water industry, medicine and pharmaceuticals, and to manage and protect the environment.

Clinical Research Associate

Clinical research associates organise and run trials to test the safety of new medicines and to see if they work efficiently. They choose and set up sites where tests take place, supervise trials and monitor the quality of data from the trials.

Industrial Pharmacist

Industrial pharmacists are involved in the discovery and development of safe, effective drugs and medicines. They can work at any stage of the process, including research, development, clinical trials, overseeing production, quality testing, marketing and applying to have the drug legally registered.

Research Assistant

A research assistant is a researcher employed, often on a temporary contract, by a university or a research institute, for the purpose of assisting in academic research. Research assistants are not independent and not directly responsible for the outcome of the research and are responsible to a supervisor or principal investigator. Research assistants are often educated to degree level and might be enrolled in a postgraduate degree program and teach at the same time.

Bioinformatician

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, mathematics, and engineering to study and process biological data.

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ADvTECH Updates

By Tamara Thomas June 10, 2025
Monde Nkosi presents his latest episode of the Education Investment Podcast in video on YouTube and audio on Spotify, Apple and all major podcast platforms https://linktr.ee/educationinvestment?utm_source=linktree_admin_share In this episode, Leading a Schools and Higher Education Group with Geoff Whyte (CEO of ADvTECH Group), we explore leadership in a combined schools and higher education group serving more than 100,000 students across multiple countries including South Africa, Kenya, Botswana and Ethiopia. Geoff presents his investment and social impact case for ADvTECH and independent education. Geoff also shares some personal stories about his journey from growing up in Scotland; to living and working in multiple countries including England, Russia and the Netherlands; and moving to South Africa in the late 1990s. 
By Tamara Thomas June 2, 2025
02 June 2025: ADvTECH Group, Africa’s leading private education provider, is pleased to announce the launch of Rosebank International University College (RIUC) in Accra, Ghana. Registrations will open on 15 June 2025, ahead of the first academic semester which begins on 1 September 2025. This will be followed by a second enrolment cycle in February 2026. Situated in Accra’s prestigious Airport Residential Area, the RIUC campus will offer a wide range of high-demand qualifications, from doctoral programmes to diplomas. Fifteen qualifications have been accredited to date in fields including Business Administration, Digital Marketing, Information Technology, Service Management and Hospitality. The new RIUC campus builds on ADvTECH’s existing international presence in Kenya, Botswana, and Ethiopia, reinforcing its commitment to providing quality education across the African continent. “We are delighted to launch our highly successful Rosebank International brand in Ghana, expanding our tertiary education footprint outside South Africa for the first time. We look forward to delivering the superior academic outcomes and excellent student experiences we are known for in South Africa in Accra,” says ADvTECH Group CEO, Geoff Whyte. Students will benefit from a wide array of extracurricular activities and access to foundational academic, financial, digital literacy and psycho-social support programmes. The campus will also employ facial recognition access for enhanced security. 
By Tamara Thomas May 28, 2025
ADvTECH Limited (Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa) (Registration number 1990/001119/06) Share code: ADH ISIN: ZAE000031035 (“ADvTECH” or “the Company”) RESULTS OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING In terms of section 3.95 of the JSE Listings Requirements, shareholders are hereby advised that at the Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) of shareholders of the Company held today, Wednesday 28 May 2025 all the proposed ordinary and special resolutions, as set out in the Notice of Annual General Meeting, were approved by the requisite majority of shareholders present or represented by proxy. Details of the results of voting at the annual general meeting are as follows:
By Tamara Thomas May 28, 2025
ADvTECH, in collaboration with the IIE MSA Centre for Water and the Environment (CWE), has launched the Water Quality Monitoring Initiative, a national, student-led citizen science project aimed at protecting South Africa’s freshwater ecosystems. As a cornerstone of ADvTECH’s ESG Legacy Campaign, this innovative initiative arms university students with professional water testing tools to track and improve local water quality. A number of water courses will be tested for select chemical contamination and the presence of excessive bacterial and viral agents, while also testing for the presence of micro-organisms to discern the health of the ecosystem. Following a student awareness drive in April and May 2025, the campaign culminated in a successful Water Monitoring Day on May 20, which also saw the launch of a 3-months long competition. Running from July to September, student teams will now be vying for a R10 000 award based on their data and analysis.
By Tamara Thomas May 22, 2025
Trailblazing South African educator Nadine Smith has been awarded the prestigious 2025 EDGE in Tech Athena Award for Early Career Leadership, recognising her groundbreaking work in transforming STEM education and making it more inclusive and accessible. Nadine Smith, a Coding and Robotics educator at ADvTECH, South Africa’s leading private education provider, was honoured by the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society and the Banatao Institute (CITRIS) at the University of California. The international award was presented during a special ceremony at UC Berkeley, where Smith stood out as the only recipient from Africa, and her recognition marks a proud moment for the country. She was one of just four global recipients of the award, which celebrates individuals leading the charge in creating more diverse, equitable, and impactful technology ecosystems. This year’s EDGE in Tech Athena Award recipients include: Executive Leadership: Susan Lyne, Co-Founder and Managing Partner, BBG Ventures Academic Leadership: Isabel Montañez, Distinguished Professor and Chancellor’s Leadership Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis; Director, UC Davis Institute of the Environment Early Career Leadership: Nadine Smith, Coding and Robotics Educator, ADvTECH, South Africa Graduate Student Leadership: Zhe Fu, Doctoral Student in Transportation Engineering, UC Berkeley “It is incredibly important to recognise the people doing the difficult work of expanding access to essential tech fields,” said Jill Finlayson, Managing Director of the CITRIS Innovation Hub, which oversees the awards. “Those who champion on-ramps into STEM, fair workplaces and welcoming cultures are critical to the development of innovative technologies and help ensure that new solutions will work well for everyone.” Desiree Hugo, Academic Head at ADvTECH Schools, says the group was very proud of Smith. “We extend our heartfelt congratulations to Nadine Smith for her well-deserved 2025 EDGE in Tech Athena Award. Her passion for empowering students through coding and robotics education is transforming lives and inspiring a new generation of innovators. We are incredibly proud of Nadine’s global recognition and her unwavering commitment to making STEM accessible and inclusive for all,” Hugo said. Reflecting on the award, Nadine Smith said: “I believe every child deserves to see themselves in STEAM. Through coding and robotics, I strive to ignite confidence, curiosity, and creativity in learners, especially those who don’t yet realise they belong in tech. This award is not just a personal milestone, but a reminder of the importance of creating inclusive learning spaces where all young minds can dream, build, and lead.” Smith, who also leads EdTech initiatives and trains fellow teachers in integrating emerging technologies, has been widely recognised for her leadership, innovation, and commitment to education transformation in South Africa and beyond.
By Tamara Thomas May 22, 2025
As technological development transforms global education, the education sector in South Africa faces a critical challenge: how to deliver personalised, inclusive, and differentiated learning experiences that meet the diverse needs of every student. “As classrooms grow more diverse, both in learning styles and abilities, schools must adopt innovative approaches to ensure no student is left behind. Adaptive learning technologies offer a powerful solution, enabling educators to tailor instruction while fostering an inclusive environment,” says Andrea Kruger, EdTech specialist at ADvTECH Schools. Kruger recently delivered a keynote address at the 15th Cutting Edge Technologies in Education Practice Conference in Greece, on Empowering Inclusive Education. Adaptive learning technologies use data-driven insights to customise educational content, pacing, and assessments to suit individual student needs. These tools, ranging from intelligent tutoring systems to learning management platforms, allow educators to differentiate instruction without overwhelming their workloads. ADvTECH’s own adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System, ADvLEARN, exemplifies this approach by using AI to personalise learning pathways, ensuring each student progresses at their own pace. This system supports data-informed teaching while promoting learner autonomy across subjects. For students, this means a learning experience that feels tailored, engaging, and supportive, whether they’re mastering foundational skills or tackling advanced concepts. For teachers, it provides real-time feedback to adjust strategies, ensuring every student progresses. ACCESSIBILITY OF ADAPTIVE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN SOUTH AFRICA ADvTECH leverages cutting-edge tools like Microsoft Learning Accelerators to enable adaptive learning and differentiation across its schools, says Kruger. But while these may not be accessible to all South African schools, cost-effective and free alternatives can enhance student outcomes and drive tech-enabled learning nationwide. “Resource-restricted schools can absolutely integrate adaptive learning technologies by starting small, leveraging free or low-cost tools, and prioritising teacher training and inclusivity. While they may not match the scale of a global best practice ecosystem, the core principles—pedagogy-driven tech, inclusivity, and adaptability—apply universally,” says Kruger. Additionally, by tapping into partnerships, open resources, and community support, these schools can deliver personalised learning that transforms student outcomes, proving that innovation is possible even with limited means. HOW TO INTEGRATE ADAPTIVE LEARNING TECH INTO THE CURRICULUM “The success of adaptive learning hinges on intentional implementation,” says Kruger. “Technology must not dictate educational strategy but rather enhance it. Schools should prioritise tools that align with their pedagogical goals, fostering critical thinking, collaboration, and creativity. Moreover, inclusivity must remain at the heart of these efforts, ensuring that technology bridges gaps for students with diverse needs, including those with learning difficulties or language barriers.” Kruger says a successful implementation of adaptive learning technology needs to consider the following:  Put pedagogy first : Choose technologies that support your teaching goals, fostering skills like critical thinking and creativity. Avoid tools that prioritise rote learning or dictate classroom strategies. For example, platforms with real-time analytics can help teachers tailor lessons dynamically while maintaining educational quality. Champion inclusivity : Select adaptive tools that cater to diverse learners, including students with disabilities, language barriers, or varying academic needs. Technologies should bridge gaps, ensuring every student—from those needing extra support to those ready for advanced challenges—feels included and empowered. Empower educators : Invest in teacher training to build confidence in using adaptive technologies. Tools like data dashboards can streamline administrative tasks, freeing teachers to focus on instruction. Free or low-cost training resources, such as UNESCO’s ICT Competency Framework, can support this in resource-constrained settings. Adopt cost-effective solutions : Resource-restricted schools can leverage free or low-cost platforms like Khan Academy, Moodle, or Kolibri, which offer personalised learning and offline capabilities. Mobile-first apps, such as Quizlet, can also deliver adaptive content using widely available smartphones, maximizing access in underserved areas. Stay adaptive and innovative : Regularly evaluate and update your tech practices to align with global trends and local needs. Encourage a culture of agility by piloting small-scale projects, assessing outcomes, and scaling successful initiatives. This ensures long-term relevance in a fast-evolving EdTech landscape. Engage communities : Involve parents, students, and local stakeholders to build trust in adaptive learning. Transparent communication about its benefits—such as improved engagement and equity—can foster buy-in.
By Tamara Thomas May 14, 2025
Grade 9 students are currently nearing a critical milestone in their educational journey: selecting the subjects they’ll study from Grade 10 through to their final Matric exams. This choice is a foundational step in shaping their academic journey and future career opportunities, an education expert says. “Even if you’re unsure about what you want to pursue after school, thoughtful planning can help you make informed decisions that keep your options open,” says Wonga Ntshinga, Senior Head of Programme: Faculty of ICT at The Independent Institute of Education , SA’s largest and most accredited private higher education provider. Ntshinga says while making decisions about subject selection can be daunting, it is an important process that will impact both performance and options down the line, and as such, careful consideration must be given to ensure that students choose as well as possible based on their unique strengths and interests. “The subjects you select for Grade 10 to 12 will influence your performance in the National Senior Certificate (NSC) exams. These choices will also affect your eligibility for further studies and certain career paths. The transition from Grade 9 to Grade 10 is significant because your subject combination lays the groundwork for your future academic and professional opportunities. By choosing wisely, you can position yourself for success in Matric while maintaining flexibility for your post-school plans,” Ntshinga says. KEY FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING SUBJECTS Align with your interests and strengths Select subjects you enjoy and where you perform well. Choosing subjects that spark your curiosity will keep you motivated, even when the work gets tough. Reflect on your academic strengths—do you excel in logical subjects like Mathematics or creative ones like Dramatic Arts? For instance, if you’re skilled at problem-solving, subjects like Accounting or Information Technology might be a good fit. Keep your options open If you’re uncertain about your future career, prioritise subjects that provide versatility. Broadly applicable subjects like Mathematics, Physical Sciences, or Geography equip you with skills like critical thinking and numeracy, which are valued across many university programmes and industries. Avoid choosing subjects solely because they seem easier, as this could limit your opportunities later. For example, many science and engineering degrees require Mathematics and Physical Sciences, not Mathematical Literacy. Explore career and study requirements Even without a clear career goal, research the subject requirements for fields you might consider. For instance, medicine demands Mathematics, Physical Sciences, and Life Sciences, while careers in law benefit from subjects like History or English for their focus on analysis and communication. Check university admission criteria for programmes that interest you. Consulting with a career advisor or attending university open days can also clarify which subjects align with in-demand fields. Consider emerging trends The job market is evolving at an unprecedented pace, with growing opportunities in technology, healthcare, and sustainability. Subjects like Mathematics, Physical Sciences, or Information Technology can prepare you for these high-demand areas. Thinking about future industries can guide you toward subjects that position you for long-term success.It is particularly important to consider career paths outside of the historically popular 3-4 year staple degrees. These days there is a vast array of options geared towards high-in-demand specialities that are industry-aligned. Investigate your higher education options more widely, as you may find the perfect fit for you, that didn’t even exist a few years ago. Aim for balance Choose a subject combination that challenges you while allowing you to achieve strong results. Including one or two subjects where you can excel can boost your overall Matric performance, which is critical for university admissions. For example, pairing a rigorous subject like Physical Sciences with a more manageable one like Life Sciences creates a balanced load in terms of leaving doors open while also allowing for a great Matric finals performance. Decide between Mathematics and Mathematical Literacy Choosing between Mathematics and Mathematical Literacy is a pivotal decision. Mathematics is required for fields like engineering, science, or commerce, while Mathematical Literacy suits humanities or vocational paths. If you’re unsure, Mathematics is the safer choice, as it qualifies you for a wider range of university programmes. If Mathematics feels challenging, discuss with your teacher whether extra effort or support could help you succeed over the next three years. “When making subject choices in Grade 9, it is helpful to start from where you want to be in 4 years’ time, and then reverse engineer how you might get there,” Ntshinga says. “Consult teachers, career counsellors, or student advisors at universities both public and private for tailored guidance. Teachers can assess your academic strengths, while counsellors and student advisors can explain how subjects connect to career paths.  “Also consider going to university Open Days. Although you don’t yet have to decide what to study, you are almost certain to gain highly valuable insights into your options after school, as well as gaining helpful advice and insights from professionals on campus.”
By Tamara Thomas May 12, 2025
ADvTECH Limited (Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa) (Registration number 1990/001119/06) Share code: ADH ISIN: ZAE000031035 (“ADvTECH” or “the Company”) DEALINGS IN SECURITIES BY A FORMER DIRECTOR (RETIRED 30 APRIL 2025) OF THE COMPANY The following information is disclosed in respect of dealings in ADvTECH securities by a former ADvTECH director.
By Tamara Thomas May 9, 2025
ADvTECH Limited (Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa) (Registration number 1990/001119/06) Share code: ADH ISIN: ZAE000031035 (“ADvTECH” or “the Company”) DEALINGS IN SECURITIES BY A FORMER DIRECTOR (RETIRED 30 APRIL 2025) OF THE COMPANY The following information is disclosed in respect of dealings in ADvTECH securities by a former ADvTECH director.
By Tamara Thomas May 7, 2025
ADvTECH Limited (Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa) (Registration number 1990/001119/06) Share code: ADH ISIN: ZAE000031035 (‘ADvTECH’) VOLUNTARY ANNOUNCEMENT: VESTING OF SECURITIES OF FORMER DIRECTOR WHO RETIRED ON 30 APRIL 2025 The following transaction, in terms of the provisions of the ADvTECH Management Share Incentive Scheme (MSI), is hereby disclosed regarding performance and retention shares that have vested due to the retirement of a former director (accelerated pro-rated vesting in terms of the MSI rules):
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