Choosing Life Sciences in High School
Written by: James Messian, Life Sciences Teacher at Abbotts College Centurion
Life Sciences or biological sciences comprise the branches of science that involve the scientific study of life and organisms such as microorganisms, plants, and animals including human beings.
Life Sciences is one of the two major branches of Natural Science, the other being Physical Science, which is concerned with non-living matter.
Some life sciences focus on a specific type of organism. For example, Zoology is the study of animals, while Botany is the study of plants. Other life sciences focus on aspects common to all or many life forms, such as anatomy and genetics. Some focus on the micro scale (e.g. molecular biology, biochemistry) and other on larger scales (e.g. cytology, immunology, ethology, ecology). Another major branch of life sciences involves understanding the mind i.e. neuroscience.
Discoveries made in Life Sciences are helpful in improving the quality and standard of life and can be applied to health, agriculture, medicine as well as the pharmaceutical and food science industries.
In the Grade 12 syllabus, Abbotts covers a section on genetics and the study of DNA. Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Though heredity had been observed for millennia, Gregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar working in the 19th century, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied “trait inheritance”, patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discreet “units of inheritance”. This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is now referred to as a “gene” and therefore the term “genetics”.
As complicated as what it sounds, genetics is the section that most teachers are passionate about. There is such a sense of gratification when learners ask questions about why they have certain characteristics from their mom or dad and, once you go through the content with them, the lightbulb switches on. As a teacher, it’s remarkable to witness says James Messian, Life Sciences Teacher at Abbotts College Centurion.
The study of the Life Sciences gives important insight into disease processes and allows the development of novel therapeutic and innovative medical devices, thereby directly improving human health. Life Sciences also enables an understanding of the environment and the other living species with which we share the earth. This knowledge guides conservation efforts and helps us to save our shared planet.
Life Sciences empowers us to answer fundamental questions about ourselves: Where did we come from? What are we made of? What is the basis for the miracle of our existence? What is our place in the natural world, in the tree of life? Life Sciences reveals the truth of our existence and shines a light on our real identities, so that we discover our true reality.
If you take Biology or Life Sciences as one of your subjects, it can open a lot of opportunities. It is a multi-discipline field that requires you, as a student, to learn, apply, evaluate and to do practical work.
While many people view Life Science as one of the hardest, and the most boring subjects, it is really one of the most interesting.
Important ways to help one master this subject are:
- to listen carefully in class
- immediately review what has been taught
- keep reading.
One thing that learners need to remember is that after mastering the subject, there are plenty of career opportunities available to them.
Those who are interested in the field of Biology can either decide to become social or medical researchers or go the industry route. This is vast, and includes tourism, conservation, agriculture, journalism, veterinary science, environmental law, biotechnology, biochemistry and medicine.
Students who choose this subject must prepare themselves for a lot of work.
There is lots to learn, meaning that the workload may seem overwhelming at times, but they need to know how to apply knowledge as well as how to evaluate and understand it. Here’s a handy summary of the different jobs you will find in the Life Sciences sector:
Biomedical Scientist
Biomedical scientists examine medical samples, for example, blood and tissue, thereby helping doctors to diagnose and treat diseases. They use their knowledge and test results to advise and support doctors and other medical staff. Biomedical scientists need in-depth knowledge of areas such as pathology, anatomy and physiology.
Biotechnologist
Biotechnologists combine Biology, the science of living things, with technology. They research and develop the use of Biology to solve problems in areas such as health care, the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, agriculture, food production and environmental protection
Biochemist
Biochemists study the chemistry of life. They investigate life’s processes at the level of molecules, using their knowledge to identify and solve biological problems. They research and develop new products and processes to benefit a wide range of areas, including food processing, pharmaceuticals, healthcare and agriculture.
Computational Biologist
Computational biology involves the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modelling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioural, and social systems. The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in computer science, applied mathematics, animation, statistics, biochemistry, chemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, genetics, genomics, ecology, evolution, anatomy, neuroscience, and visualization
Microbiologist
Microbiologists study the biology and chemistry of microbes. They apply their knowledge to solve problems in areas like agriculture, food production, the water industry, medicine and pharmaceuticals, and to manage and protect the environment.
Clinical Research Associate
Clinical research associates organise and run trials to test the safety of new medicines and to see if they work efficiently. They choose and set up sites where tests take place, supervise trials and monitor the quality of data from the trials.
Industrial Pharmacist
Industrial pharmacists are involved in the discovery and development of safe, effective drugs and medicines. They can work at any stage of the process, including research, development, clinical trials, overseeing production, quality testing, marketing and applying to have the drug legally registered.
Research Assistant
A research assistant is a researcher employed, often on a temporary contract, by a university or a research institute, for the purpose of assisting in academic research. Research assistants are not independent and not directly responsible for the outcome of the research and are responsible to a supervisor or principal investigator. Research assistants are often educated to degree level and might be enrolled in a postgraduate degree program and teach at the same time.
Bioinformatician
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, mathematics, and engineering to study and process biological data.
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ADvTECH Updates

The ADvTECH Group (ADvTECH), Africa’s leading private education provider, today officially opened Rosebank International University College (RIUC) in Accra, Ghana, marking the group’s first university opening outside South Africa. Student registrations opened on 15 August, with the inaugural academic semester set to begin in January 2026. Strategically located in Accra’s prestigious Airport Residential Area, the RIUC campus offers accredited qualifications from diplomas to doctoral degrees in high-demand fields including Business Administration, Digital Marketing, IT, Service Management, and Hospitality. “We are delighted to bring our highly successful Rosebank College brand to Ghana and expand our university footprint outside of South Africa for the first time,” said ADvTECH Group CEO Geoff Whyte.

Commenting on the six months ended 30 th June 2025, ADvTECH CEO, Geoff Whyte said: “Healthy enrolment growth, moderate fee increases, improved debtors control and continued margin improvement contributed to ADvTECH delivering another strong set of results.” “In the six months under review, we continued to build competitive advantage by investing in superior technology to enhance teaching and learning, further cementing our position as the leading provider of private education on the African continent.” Group: Operational and Financial Performance Revenue up 10% to R4 683 million (2024: R4 274 million) Operating profit up 14% to R982 million (2024: R865 million) Operating margin improved to 21.0% (2024: 20.2%) Normalised earnings per share increased by 16% to 113.0 cents (2024: 97.7 cents) Group revenue grew by 10% to R4 683 million for the six months ended 30 th June 2025 (2024: R4 274 million), driven by a 13% increase in the education division. Group operating profit increased by 14% to R982 million (2024: R865 million), with the education division’s operating profit increasing by 15%, supported by strong enrolment growth. Group operating margin improved to 21.0% (2024: 20.2%). Operating margin in the education divisions improved to 23.8% (2024: 23.5%) through the benefit of operating leverage and a continued focus on efficiencies. This more than offset the additional costs incurred to strengthen our brands through the introduction of additional global benchmarking measures, artificial intelligence tools to support personalised learning and enhanced student information systems. Normalised earnings for the period increased by 16% to R620 million (2024: R535 million) while normalised earnings per share increased by 16% to 113.0 cents (2024: 97.7 cents) per share. A continued focus on collection processes has seen gross trade receivables increasing by only 3% compared to a revenue increase of 10%. Loss allowances decreased to R488 million (2024: R494 million) , due to improved collections and favourable aging of the debtors’ book. Cash generated by operating activities increased by 18% to R2 303 million (2024: R1 959 million). Capital expenditure of R327 million was focused mainly on increasing capacity at existing sites to meet incremental demand. Dividend Announcement The board is pleased to declare an interim dividend of 45.0 cents (2024: 38.0 cents) per ordinary share in respect of the six months ended 30 th June 2025. Divisions: Operational and Financial Performance Schools South Africa Robust enrolment growth driving strong financial performance Revenue increased by 11% to R1 722 million (2024: R1 556 million) with all brands showing enrolment growth. Operating profit increased by 12% to R354 million (2024: R316 million) with operating margin improving to 20.6% (2024: 20.3%), benefiting from scale leverage. Strong enrolment growth at Pinnacle College Raslouw has necessitated the accelerated build out of the school. Pinnacle College Ridgeview opened in Roodeport in January and is performing in line with expectations.

Integrating coding into the early education years of South African students must be flagged as urgent rather than optional – a fact that was made abundantly clear at a recent global EdTech conference, education experts say. “Coding is not just about training the next generation of programmers or preparing students for tech careers, it’s about equipping students with the tools to think critically, create boldly, and collaborate effectively in a world shaped by technology,” says Dr Mario Landman, Head of Education Technology and Innovation at ADvTECH , Africa’s leading private education provider. Landman’s comments come in the wake of ADvTECH’s attendance at the BETT EdTech conference in London, a leading global education technology event which provides best practice insights into the evolving landscape of education and the strategic importance of technology integration. Darren Purdon, Academic Project Manager at ADvTECH, says visits to leading UK schools during the conference demonstrated innovative approaches to technology integration, including coding programmes for young learners and the development of bespoke educational software. “What is clear is that South Africa lags too far behind the rest of the world in integrating coding from an early age. While some leading SA private schools are on par or even ahead of their global peers, the vast majority of students in the public and even private education sector are not being exposed to the fundamentals that will set them up for success.” Landman explains that while it is understandable that within the context of resource and other constraints, students may not have access to the necessary technology, it is also true that the principles of coding can be taught and developed notwithstanding. WHY CODING IS ESSENTIAL As AI continues to rise, becoming ever more capable of routine coding tasks, the question might arise - why bother? “Integrating coding into curricula remains crucial because it fosters computational thinking, a universal skill set that transcends programming,” Landman says. “Coding teaches children how to break down complex problems, think logically, and design solutions systematically - skills that are vital in an AI-driven world where understanding and shaping technology is key. Beyond technical proficiency, coding cultivates creativity and collaboration as kids experiment, iterate, and work together on projects. These abilities prepare them not just to use AI tools but to innovate, adapt, and critically engage with technology.” This is essentially the answer to the question – will AI take my job in the future? “Developing a coder’s mindset ensures that students thrive in a future where human ingenuity complements AI advancements,” Landman points out. “By introducing coding basics from a young age, schools can harness children’s potential and build a foundation for lifelong learning.” GET CODING – REGARDLESS OF RESOURCES Landman says ADvTECH Schools have EdTech frameworks and supporting resources across all schools, with global best practice at their foundation, which ensures consistent, superior student outcomes, in particular with the recent integration of AI-driven and personalised learning tools. However, even in resource-constrained environments, innovative approaches and partnerships can make coding education accessible, he says. “As governments, educators, and communities prioritise digital literacy, the question is not whether coding should be part of education, but rather how quickly we can make it a reality for every child.” Many schools, particularly in underserved areas, face challenges in implementing coding education due to limited access to computers, software, or trained educators. However, innovative approaches can bridge this gap: Unplugged activities, such as using paper-based puzzles to teach algorithms or role-playing as “robots” to understand programming logic, require no technology and can be just as effective for introducing computational thinking. For instance, the CS Unplugged initiative has been adopted in over 50 countries, reaching schools with minimal resources. Low-cost tools like Scratch , a free block-based coding platform, can run on older computers or even tablets, making it accessible for schools with limited budgets. Partnerships with nonprofits such as code.org provide free curricula and training for teachers, reducing the need for specialised staff. For schools with intermittent internet access, offline coding tools like CodeMonkey ’s downloadable lessons or Raspberry Pi kits offer affordable solutions. “Teachers can also integrate coding into existing subjects, such as using data analysis in math or storytelling in language arts, to make it a natural part of the curriculum. Short, focused training sessions can empower teachers to guide students, even if they lack a computer science background,” Landman says. He says introducing coding in the early years is not about funneling every child into a tech career, but about equipping everyone with the basic tools to thrive in a digital future. “By learning to code, students become exposed to the language their future peers will speak, even if they don’t yet become fluent due to limited resources. By seamlessly integrating coding into early education, whether through high-tech platforms or resource-light unplugged activities, schools can empower every student passing through their doors.”

ADvTECH Limited (Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa) (Registration number 1990/001119/06) JSE code: ADH ISIN: ZAE000031035 (“ADvTECH” or “the group”) VOLUNTARY TRADING STATEMENT FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2025 The board hereby advises on its expectations of the financial results for the six months ended 30 June 2025. The group reports normalised earnings per share ("NEPS") as a way of excluding the effect of one-off transactions and corporate action costs from its results. Basic NEPS, Basic headline earnings per share (“HEPS”) and Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) for the six months ended 30 June 2025 are expected to be between 13% and 18% higher than the comparative reporting period for the six months ended 30 June 2024 ("the comparative period") or between 110.3 and 115.3 cents per share as compared to NEPS and HEPS of 97.7 cents per share and EPS of 97.6 cents per share for the comparative period. The financial information on which this trading update is based has not been reviewed or audited by the group’s external auditors. ADvTECH expects to release results for the six months ended 30 June 2025 on the JSE’s Stock Exchange News Service on or about Monday, 25 August 2025. 12 August 2025 Johannesburg Sponsor: Bridge Capital Advisors Proprietary Limited

The school group shaping tomorrow’s classrooms across Africa From leafy Johannesburg suburbs to Nairobi’s bustling education corridors, South Africa’s ADvTECH is slowly but surely planting its flag across the continent. This week, the private education powerhouse confirmed it had acquired Regis Runda Academy in Kenya for R172 million, in a bold move that solidifies its ambition to become Africa’s most prominent education group. The new acquisition will operate under the Makini Schools brand and be renamed Makini Schools Runda . With space for up to 2,000 students, the Runda-based school is positioned in one of Nairobi’s most rapidly developing areas. It joins a growing network of six Makini schools in Kenya, all under the ADvTECH umbrella. “We are delighted to increase our Makini Schools footprint in Kenya and to bring the brand’s compelling proposition to parents and students,” said ADvTECH CEO Geoff Whyte. Why Kenya? Why now? Kenya’s private education sector has seen a notable boom over the last decade. With a growing middle class, an appetite for globalised curricula, and increased competition among international and regional schools, Nairobi has become a hotspot for premium education investments. Regis Runda’s acquisition gives ADvTECH strategic access to one of East Africa’s most promising education corridors. Runda, just northeast of Nairobi, is a magnet for upwardly mobile families, making it a prime location for the group’s next flagship school. This isn’t ADvTECH’s first rodeo in Kenya. Its Crawford International brand is already present in the region, alongside its existing Makini campuses. The group is clearly betting big on Kenya, and based on the numbers, it’s a calculated bet. Africa-wide ambitions take shape This latest move follows ADvTECH’s R135 million acquisition of five Flipper International Schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, back in November 2024. Add to that its three schools in Gaborone, Botswana, and its soon-to-launch Rosebank International University College in Accra, Ghana — and you start to see a clear pattern emerge. While other South African education brands have focused inward, ADvTECH is going continental. In fact, the new Ghanaian university, expected to open in September 2025, is part of a long-term plan to expand the group’s tertiary education footprint across key African cities. It’s a smart play — following the student journey from nursery to university under one trusted banner. Social media sentiment and local buzz Reactions to the acquisition have been largely positive, with Kenyan parents and education commentators noting the move as “a welcome boost to quality learning options in Nairobi’s northeast.” South African LinkedIn users, meanwhile, applauded ADvTECH’s forward-thinking strategy, with one comment reading: “Love to see a South African brand going global the right way — focusing on quality education and building African futures.” The big picture: South Africa’s export isn’t just wine or gold — it’s education At a time when local universities are grappling with funding challenges and public schooling faces deep systemic issues, the growth of ADvTECH shows that private education remains one of South Africa’s most valuable exports . Its move into other African countries signals something bigger: that local companies don’t need to look to Europe or the US for global growth. The next frontier is right here, on the continent — and the classroom is where the future is being built. Source: Business Tech

ADvTECH Limited (Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa) (Registration number 1990/001119/06) Share code: ADH ISIN: ZAE000031035 (“ADvTECH”) VOLUNTARY ANNOUNCEMENT – ADvTECH acquires established Kenyan based Regis Runda Academy and further expands its footprint in East Africa ADvTECH, Africa’s leading private education provider, has expanded its Makini Schools offering in Nairobi, Kenya, by acquiring Regis Runda Academy for KSh1,23 billion (approximately R172 million). Situated in the fast-developing Runda area, northeast of Nairobi, the school, with a current capacity of 2 000 students and a full K – 12 offering, will be rebranded as Makini Schools Runda. ADvTECH has committed to investing in AI-powered digital learning tools and significant enhancements to sporting facilities at the Regis site to elevate student experience and maximise academic outcomes. In November 2024 ADvTECH acquired Flipper International School in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. These developments reinforce the group’s commitment to providing superior private education across the African continent. Commenting on the acquisition of Regis Runda Academy, ADvTECH CEO, Geoff Whyte said: “We are delighted to increase our Makini Schools footprint in Kenya and to bring the brand’s compelling proposition to parents and students in one of the fastest developing regions of Nairobi.” 7 August 2025 Johannesburg Sponsor: Bridge Capital Advisors Proprietary Limited

The Independent Institute of Education (The IIE), South Africa’s leading private higher education provider, has set a new benchmark for technology-enabled learning in the country by designing a comprehensive education technology ecosystem with Brightspace, the flagship platform of global EdTech leader D2L, as its foundation. This initiative marks the beginning of a transformative, technology-driven learning experience for over 65,000 students across The IIE’s tertiary education brands and Evolve Online School, representing the largest implementation of the Brightspace platform in South Africa to date. Brightspace is a cutting-edge learning management system (LMS) that moves beyond the limitations of traditional, static content delivery of traditional LMS platforms. It seamlessly integrates advanced digital tools, artificial intelligence, and interactive features to create engaging, data-informed educational experiences. “This strategic investment underscores The IIE’s commitment to redefining higher education in South Africa through innovation, scalability, and student-centric design,” says Louise Wiseman, Managing Director of The IIE ’s Varsity College, Vega & IIE MSA. Brightspace serves over 20 million students globally across schools, higher education institutions, enterprises, and membership organisations. Its adoption by The IIE marks a groundbreaking shift in South Africa’s higher education landscape, as it is among the first platforms of its kind to seamlessly integrate sophisticated content authoring tools, world-class accessibility features, a student-centric design, and advanced learning analytics. “Unlike traditional learning management systems used in South Africa, Brightspace offers a seamless, intuitive user experience with unparalleled customisation and interactivity. Its implementation across The IIE’s portfolio of over 130 programmes, from Higher Certificate to Doctorate level, positions it as a pioneering solution tailored to meet the unique demands of South African students and educators,” says Wiseman. Dr Mario Landman, Head of Education Technology and Innovation at The IIE, says the institution selected Brightspace after an extensive evaluation of the world’s leading LMS platforms. The selection process prioritised feature richness, user experience, scalability and alignment with the organisation’s commitment to delivering an enhanced and future-focused academic product. “Brightspace emerged as the optimal choice as its advanced tools, customisation capabilities and collaborative features perfectly align with our vision of fostering an enriched learning experience for our students and faculty,” he says. Brightspace stands out from other platforms in the South African market due to its innovative features and alignment with modern educational needs. One of its key strengths is its interactive, AI-enhanced content creation tools, which allow educators to develop dynamic course materials - such as videos and gamified elements - without the need for advanced technical expertise. This capability promotes greater student engagement and personalisation of learning by moving beyond the static content delivery model typical of traditional LMS platforms. Additionally, the platform provides Advanced Learning Analytics that enable educators to monitor student progress, identify challenges, and optimise outcomes. This data-driven approach empowers institutions to make informed decisions to enhance teaching and learning. It also supports modern pedagogies, and is scalable and flexible. “Brightspace is a game-changer for the higher education sector in South Africa, where diverse student populations require tailored educational solutions to ensure each student has the opportunity and ability to perform to the best of their ability, and to ensure consistently superior academic outcomes,” Wiseman says.